Question 1

What is WACC and why does it matter?

Accepted Answer

WACC stands for Weighted Average Cost of Capital. It represents the minimum return a company must earn on its assets to satisfy investors. WACC is the discount rate used in DCF valuation, the hurdle rate for capital projects, and the threshold a return on invested capital must exceed for a company to create economic value. A company earning returns below its WACC is destroying value even if it is profitable.

Question 2

How is WACC calculated?

Accepted Answer

WACC = (E/V × Re) + (D/V × Rd × (1 − T)), where E is the market value of equity, D is the market value of debt, V is E plus D, Re is the cost of equity (typically calculated via CAPM), Rd is the pre-tax cost of debt, and T is the corporate tax rate. The (1 − T) factor accounts for the tax-deductibility of interest expense.

Question 3

How do I calculate the cost of equity (Re) for WACC?

Accepted Answer

The most common approach is the Capital Asset Pricing Model: Re = Rf + β × (Rm − Rf). Rf is the risk-free rate (typically the 10-year Treasury yield). β (beta) is the stock’s sensitivity to market movements, available from financial data providers. (Rm − Rf) is the equity risk premium, historically 5 to 6 percent for developed markets. The Worthmap WACC calculator includes a CAPM helper that walks through these inputs.

Question 4

What is a typical WACC range?

Accepted Answer

WACC varies significantly by sector and company profile. Stable, low-leverage utilities and consumer staples typically run 5–8%. Mature industrial and financial companies run 7–10%. High-growth technology companies can reach 10–14%, partly because their cost of equity is higher. Highly leveraged buyout targets often have WACCs in the 9–12% range. Always compare a company’s WACC to its return on invested capital — if ROIC exceeds WACC, the business creates value.

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